Mental health is not merely the absence of mental disorders. Mental health is an integral part of health; indeed, health is not complete without mental health. Mental health is influenced by socioeconomic, biological and environmental factors. There are cross-sectoral and cost-effective strategies and interventions to promote mental health.
Mental health is an essential and integral part of health. In this regard, the WHO constitution states that "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or disability." One of the most important effects of this definition is that explaining mental health goes beyond the concept of lack of mental disorders or disabilities.
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual can devote his or her own capabilities and adapt to the normal types of stress, work with dedication and effectiveness, and contribute to his or her community or society.
Mental health and well-being are essential to strengthening our collective and individual ability to think, influence, and interact with one another as human beings, and to earn a living and enjoy life. On this basis, the promotion, protection and restoration of mental health can be considered a vital concern for individuals, groups and societies around the world.
Determinants of mental health
There are multiple social, psychological, and biological factors that determine a person's level of mental health at some point. It is recognized, for example, that the persistence of socio-economic pressures is one of the risks to the mental health of individuals and communities. The most obvious evidence in this regard relates to indicators of poverty, including low levels of education.
There is also a relationship between low levels of mental health and factors such as rapid social transformation, stressful working conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, unhealthy lifestyles, risks of violence and poor physical health, and human rights violations.
Also, there are psychological and other specific factors related to an individual's personality that make people vulnerable to mental disorders. Finally, there are some biological factors that cause these disorders, including genetic factors and imbalance of chemicals in the brain.
Strategies and interventions
Mental health promotion involves taking actions that seek to create living conditions and appropriate environments to support mental health and enable people to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles. This includes taking a range of measures that increase the chances of more people enjoying a better level of mental health.
An environment that respects and protects the lowest civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights is also a key factor in promoting mental health. Without the security and freedom guaranteed by these rights, it is very difficult to maintain a high level of mental health.
National mental health policies should not only focus their attention on mental health disorders, but should also recognize and work on large-scale issues related to the promotion of mental health. This includes incorporating the issue of mental health promotion into policies and programs at the government and other sectors, including education, employment, justice, transportation, the environment, housing and social welfare, as well as the health sector.
Health promotion depends to a large extent on multisectoral strategies. Here are some specific ways to carry out this process:
Early childhood interventions (such as visiting pregnant women at home, undertaking psycho-social activities in the pre-school stage, combining nutritional interventions and psycho-social assistance for the benefit of disadvantaged groups); providing necessary support to children (such as skills building programs, child and youth development programs ); Empowering women in the socioeconomic field (such as improving their access to education and microcredit plans); providing necessary social support to the elderly (such as favoritism initiatives, day and community centers for the elderly); programs that target Vulnerable groups, including minorities, indigenous people, migrants and people affected by conflict and disasters (post-psychosocial interventions); activities to promote mental health in schools (such as programs supporting ecological changes in schools, child-friendly schools); interventions to Promote mental health in the workplace (such as stress prevention programs); housing policies (such as home improvement); violence prevention programs (such as reducing alcohol availability and obtaining weapons); community development programs (such as 'communities' initiatives Conscious', and integrated rural development); reducing poverty and providing social protection to the poor; anti-discrimination laws and campaigns; protecting rights, opportunities, and care for individuals with mental disorders.
Mental health care and treatment
In the context of national efforts to develop and implement mental health policies, it is important not only to protect and promote the psychological well-being of its citizens, but also to meet the needs of people with specific mental disorders.
Our knowledge of what to do about the growing burden of mental disorders has improved dramatically over the past decade. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of major interventions for priority mental disorders in countries at various levels of economic development. The following are examples of cost-effective, affordable and affordable interventions:
Treating epilepsy with antiepileptic drugs; treating depression with psychotherapy, and with antidepressants (produced as generic drugs) in moderate to severe depression; treating psychosis with old antipsychotic medicines in addition to psychosocial support; taxing and restricting their availability And marketed.
There is also a range of effective measures to prevent suicides, prevent and treat mental disorders among children, prevent and treat cases of dementia, and treat drug-related disorders. The Mental Health Gap Action Program has prepared evidence-based guidelines for non-specialists to enable them to diagnose and manage priority mental health conditions.
WHO response
WHO supports governments in achieving the goal of improving and promoting mental health, has evaluated evidence for mental health promotion, and is working with governments to spread this information and integrate effective strategies into policies and plans.
In 2013, the World Health Assembly approved a "Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020". The plan represents a commitment by all member states of the organization to take specific measures to improve mental health and contribute to achieving a set of global goals.
The overall goal of the action plan is to promote psychological recovery, prevent mental disorders, provide care, support recovery, promote human rights and reduce mortality, morbidity and disability for people with mental disorders. It focuses on 4 main goals to achieve the following:
Promote effective leadership and management of mental health affairs; provide comprehensive and integrated health care services that respond to the needs of the population and social care services in community health facilities; implement strategies to enhance mental health and prevention; strengthen information, evidence and research systems necessary for mental health.
Special attention is given to the action plan for protecting and promoting human rights, strengthening and empowering civil society, and to the central place in community care.
In order to achieve its goals, the action plan proposes and requires clear actions that governments, international partners and WHO must take. Ministries of health will have to take a leadership role and WHO will work with it and with international and national partners, including civil society, to implement the plan. In the absence of any measures that are appropriate for all countries, each government will have to adapt the action plan to its specific national circumstances.
Implementation of the action plan will allow persons with mental disorders to obtain the following:
Easily access mental health and social care services; treatment by health workers with the necessary skills in public health care facilities; this process facilitates the WHO work program on bridging the mental health gap and its evidence-based tools. Participation in the reorganization, delivery, and evaluation of services. So that care and treatment become more responsive to needs; increase access to government-provided disability benefits, housing and livelihoods programs, and improve participation in work, community life and civil affairs.
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